Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences Review (JERSSR)

Influence of Transactional Leadership Style on Teachers Motivation at Secondary Level

Muhammad Bilal, Dr. Muhammad Idris, Dr. Maksal Minaz — Sat, 03 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The quantitative paper examined the influence of transactional leadership style on teacher motivation at high-secondary schools in the Charsadda district of Pakistan. The study was based on a post positivist, quantitative, correlational design research survey using a random sample of 102 out of 705 male teachers. Validated questionnaires were used to gather data on transactional leadership variables (contingent reward and management by exception) and teacher motivation. (intrinsic and extrinsic). The research tool was validated and the reliability was 0.70 cronbach,s Alpha which was acceptable in the field of social science. Findings showed that transactional leadership behaviors were significantly positively related to extrinsic motivation, and a more subtle impact on intrinsic motivation. The results of the study indicated the importance of reward systems, in general, on teacher motivation, but warn that transactional leadership practices should not be overly dependent on in order to get more profound professional involvement. It was recommended that educational leadership programs should be designed to offer training on both transactional and transformational leadership in order to meet the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation needs.

Reminiscent of our Learning from a Pandemic

Sadaf Raja, Salwa Sabir — Tue, 27 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores how AI and tech driven strategies can shape and evolve without compromising the values of human patterns especially amplified during times of crisis like the pandemic, architecture must now also ease the burden and enhance well-being.

Neo-terrains does not starts from scratch, you do not have to completely tear down cities to create smart efficient post pandemic architecture. It is more about gradual incremental shifts towards the betterment with the key focus of building resilience in neighborhood, (to withstand profound disruptions of a pandemic). By offering solutions that prioritizes eco-friendly upgrades & humanized architecture, communities can thrive without the need of aliened overhauls that highlights fake idealism.

It critiques how the conventional housing models revealed themselves to be filled with deep social and emotional struggles. By rethinking and creating AI-informed environments that adapt in pandemic times.

Analyzing the Language Construction of Victim Blaming in Pakistani Public Discourse: A Corpus-Based Study of Online Reactions and Ideological Patterns

Muhammad Sheraz Anwar, Qudsia Saleem — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes victim blaming narratives in Pakistan surrounding harassment cases. It identifies underlying ideologies and recurrent linguistic categories that are utilized to justify victim blaming. A mixed research design was adopted for the systematic evaluation of public opinions on social media platforms. The AntConc software is used to carry out a corpus-based study, which facilitated the quantitative analysis by measuring word frequencies and collocations, whereas the underlying ideologies and societal beliefs are examined through Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Framework. A purposive sampling technique is utilized to examine harassment cases in the current year 2025. The sampling consists of 1000 comments sourced from 4 different cases, out of which three of the cases took place in recent months. Since Urdu and English hold the status of standard languages and are widely practiced in Pakistan, bilingual comments are examined so that the findings closely align with the communal ideologies of the population being studied. The findings reveal how language is used as a discursive tool to justify violence, condemning victims and reinforcing preconceived patriarchal, cultural and religious narratives. This calls for swift measures to dismantle these negative ideologies on digital platforms.